Concrete Flooring New

When new concrete flooring is laid, it is occasionally finished off by polishing to produce the smooth seamless floor.

In instances where a coating is required, then the moisture content of the concrete substrate should be no higher than 5% and specific moisture meter instruments are available for checking purposes.

Because a polished floor can leave residual cementitious material on the surface, this should be removed by washing with hydrochloric acid.

Following the preparatory work, then numerous types of floor coatings can be applied ranging from low film build water-based materials to high build two pack polyurethane or epoxy coatings.

Concrete Flooring Existing 

Existing floorings could have been exposed to different types of usage and the condition may warrant additional preparation before being refurbished.  In preparing existing, textured flooring not matter how fine it may be that mechanical equipment should be considered, such as scrabbling machine or a light sandblast.

https://newguardcoatings.com/independent-inspection/

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Preservation.

The Forth Bridge being constructed in 1898. The latest painting project completed in 2013 and guaranteed for 25 years.

Decoration.

Ranging from normal interior and exterior painting to skills including wallpaper hanging, heraldry and gilding. See under ‘And much more’ Advance decorating skills.

Sanitation.

Protection against mould and algae problems

Identification.

Specific colours are used for health and safety purposes.

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Wide Width Wall Coverings

These wall coverings are wider than normal wallpaper width of 53cm and be as wide as 138 cm depending on manufacture.

Coverings such as Cloth backed ,Silk, Flock, Grasscloth and Fiberglass are available.

Surface preparation prior to hanging is on the same lines as for standard  wallpapers and should be free of all surface irregularities and contaminates.

The method of hanging wide width coverings generally requires the adhesive to be applied to the wall surface and not the reverse side of the coverings.

In all case the manufacturer’s details on size and application should be obtained and followed for estimating purposes.

See:  Tools Box in Tools and Equipment.

For more information:

Muraspec wallcoverings.   https://www.muraspec.com/

https://www.grahambrown.com/uk/wallpaper/grasscloth

For application technique : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHKzgskqtFs     https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9l7nNJLJlJY 

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Varnishes and Translucent Stain Finishes.

While hardwoods are often allowed to weather naturally others prefer to treat the wood with either varnish or translucent wood stains.

Preparation.

All surface contaminants should by the most appropriate means  followed by sanding down with suitable grade of glass- sand or garnet paper to prove a smooth surface.

Any visible resin around knots  or sap residue should be removed and the surface wiped over with methylated spirit. When dry two thin coats of a white shellac

knotting.

Clear shellac should be used over any knots or sap residue.

All making good should be carried out with an appropriate wood filler and tinted to match the surrounding surface and sanded down.

Painting.

Apply one sealer coat and two full coats of the selected  coating following the manufactures instructions

Note: If a normal coloured shellac knotting is used the shade will mirror through any subsequent clear or tinted finish.

Linseed oil putty should not be used for glazing or filling. Alkyd based sealants are recommended

Any discolouration of the bare wood due to weathering or water attack can be difficult to remove but treating the area with Oxalic Acid may remove the discolouration.

See: Problems and remedies Flaking of Stained  wood finishes.

For further product information:

https://www.liberon.co.uk/product/palette-wood-dye

https://www.zinsseruk.com/product

http://bradite.com

https://www.everflex.co.uk

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Special Effects

Rag Rolling.

This effect is obtained by rolling over a newly applied coat of glaze a onto a previously applied  base colour  with either clean rag, or polythene twisting the rolling motion to produce a marble type appearance.  

Stippling

A decorative effect achieved by applying a wet coat of glaze over a base coat colour and tapping the surface with a stippling brush.

 Sponging Off

This paint effect is achieved by using a slightly moist natural sea sponge which is tapped across the newly applied coat of glaze removing some of the newly applied wet glaze coat.

Sponging On 

This design is created by using a natural sea sponge which is then dipped into the glaze then tapped over the surface turn the hand in different directions to produce the required pattern and texture.

Colourwash

This mottled effect is achieved by applying a glaze coat over a coloured base coat in different directions then with a brush lightly glide over the surface to soften the appearance.

Bagging

This is effect is achieved by taking a crunched up piece of polythene to form creases and tapped onto the wet glaze coating.

Dragging

This is a paint effect is produced using a dragging brush ( as in graining) which is pressed into the wet coating of glaze to form straight lines.

Frottage

This effect is created by taking lining paper (800 grade) crunched up then opened up and  laid out and placed over

 a wet coating of glaze and finely smoothed over with a brush.

Leather Roller

This type of roller is formed by taking cut pieces of chamois leather screwed into a roller sleeve. Once formed the roller is then used to run over a wet coating of glaze in various directions  to produce the required pattern.

Woodgrain effect

This grain effect is produced by using a graining rocker.

See. Broken Colour Toolbox under Tools and Equipment and Specifications -Broken Colour Techniques 

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Distemper is available in three qualities, soft, hard and oil based.

Soft distemper is the most permeable for interior use and the dry film is chalky and can easily rub rub off when brushed.

Hard distemper is modified with casein (glue) to offer greater resistance to abrasion.

Oil based has been modified with oils such as raw linseed oil giving greater resistance to wetting.

Specification

General

All surfaces new or previously applied distemper should be thoroughly cleaned down by the most appropriate means to remove loose, defective material, dust, dirt, organic growths and any other contaminates to leave the surface clean and dry.

Areas affected by organic growths should be treated with a fungicidal solution in accordance with manufactures instruction.

All making good with the appropriate filler and sanded down.

Priming

Apply one coat of Clearcole primer to all new or bare areas of plaster and allowed to dry.

Painting

Apply two or more coats of Distemper in accordance with the manufactures instructions.

For further information contact: https://www.roseofjericho.co.uk  Tel: 0193583676

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Limewash also known as Whitewash

Limewash should only be applied to previously applied Limewash and Lime based surfaces, new brick or stonework where a lime mortar has been used.

Specification.

Preparation of previously lime washed surface.

Remove by the most appropriate means, all loose, defective or otherwise suspect material back to a firm edge. Treat all organic growth as necessary, ensuring the surface is clean and and free from all dust, dirt and any other contaminates.

Make good all defective area with a lime based mortar and allow to dry.

All surface must be thoroughly dry, although, it is necessary to lightly wet (dampen) the surface by brush or fine spray to reduce the surface porosity immediately prior to applying limewash.

Painting

Apply each coat (normally 3-4 coats) as required allowing each coat to thoroughly dry out before applying the following coat.

Apply in accordance with selected manufactures recommendations.

Note:

Ensure the material has been thinned in accordance with manufacturers instruction.

Mix the limewash on a regular basis by hand or mechanical means

Dampen the surface prior to each coat being applied and paint small areas at any one time to keeping the wet edge open.

When applying limewash the wet film opacity appears poor but on drying out the full colour and opacity becomes apparent.

Do not apply to none lime based or none porous surfaces in low or high temperatures.

For Limewash to harden and gain strength it is necessary for it to dry out slowly therefore for the first 3-4 hours the applied material should be dampened with a mist coat of water.

Current water based paints are not compatible with Limewash

See: Limewash in Problem and Remedies also Limewash Toolbox.

For full product information on Limewash contact: https://roseofjericho.co.uk/

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Blue wood staining.

As the wood has been stained by moisture, the staining may be difficult to remove, therefore the application of clear or translucent coatings may not be successful, therefore, repainting with opaque  finishes maybe required.

For repainting with opaque coatings the following system is suggested.

Preparation.

Check that the moisture content within the wood is below 20%, if not then forced drying may be necessary.

Thoroughly sand down and remove all surface contaminants to leave the surface clean and dry.

Apply one coat of Fungicidal Solution and allow to dry. Re-check the moisture content before painting.

An application of Oxalic Acid (wood bleach) my help to remove part of the staining 

Priming /Undercoat /Finishing.

Apply a microporous coating oil or water based, opaque or translucent in accordance with the selected manufactures recommendations.

Microporous paints can be obtained from manufactures such as:   

Jotun Paints (Europe) Ltd. Demidekk :  https://www.jotun.com/Datasheets/Download?url=%2FTDS%2FTDS__28142__DEMIDEKK+Ultimate+Opaque+Coating__Euk__GB.pdf

Johnston’s Paints. https://www.johnstonestrade.com/product/flexible-gloss

Dulux Trade Paints. https://www.duluxtradepaintexpert.co.uk/en/products/products-listing/all

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Powder coated metal

When due to damage, fading or other reasons  repainting is require then a specific specification is required.

To apply a conventional oil based paint system is not advisable as adhesion problems can be encountered.

Recommended Specification.

Remove by the most appropriate means, all surface contaminates, dust, dirt, loose or otherwise defected material back to a firm edge .

Feather off all edges with suitable grade abrasive paper to a smooth surface leaving it clean and dry.

Painting.

Priming.

As special adhesion and metal primers are recommended, contact should be made with the selected manufacture to enquire of their specific recommendations and systems.

Note: The following manufactures product range include suitable materials.

Bradite. http://bradite.com

Dulux. https://www.dulux.co.uk/products-listing

Zinsser. http://www.zinsseruk.com/product

Johnstone’s https://www.johnstonestrade.com/products

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It can be supplied either untreated or with a factory applied priming coat.

If  the priming coating is in sound condition can be overcoated with oil or water based undercoats and finishing coats.

Any damaged or raw areas should be re-primed using an oil based primer.

Painting system.

New MDF.

Remove by the most appropriate means all surface contamination. Lightly abrade the surface with medium grit 120 grade. Dust off and wipe clean with damp cloth and leave to dry.

Raw edges should be filled with suitable wood filler or a thin coat of a ready mixed fine plaster filler or drywall compound both of which are easy to sand down to give a smooth finish. After sanding and removing all surface dust, apply one coat of primer and recommended number of finishing coats  in accordance with the selected manufacture’s product information data sheets.

Note; Not all water based primers are suitable for MDF as they may cause the wood fibres to swell which would then be difficult to rub down to a smooth surface. Therefore check the manufactures  recommendations before use.

PPE. As the composition of MDF is made from fine wood fires when sanding or cutting it is essential that a suitable face mask and eye goggles are worn,

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