The components for a decorative water based paints are different to those for an oil based product and consist of a resin/binder which generally is either Polyvinyl Acetate (PVA) or Acrylic resin containing a coalescent solvent which helps to bind , Pigments (the same as used in oil paints), Thinner (water) plus various additives such as anti-foaming, to stop aeration of the product particularly when applied by roller and leaving pin holes in the surface), thickening  agents to give  body and biocide(to stop mould growth within the  container).

Unlike oil based paints the manufacture of water based paints is easier byway of dispersing pigments and extenders into a solution  of water and resin PVE (Polyvinyl Acetate) using high speed mixers.

The range of water based coatings is extensive and manufacturers different formulations depending on their market target.

In general the variants in raw material can lead to product description being similar  but product quality can be different with the lower cost material not always offering the same coverage power (opacity)  flow (reducing brush or roller marks) and washability.

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Typical Works Laboratory.

Quality control is the most important of all the areas associates with paint manufacture.

The illustrations show some of the quality assurance tests carried out  to ensure the  batch to batch production meets the requirements for colour, consistency, durability, application and appearance.

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Paint in one form or another has been used for centuries for decoration, preservation of surfaces, sanitation and identification purposes.

The most commonly used paints within the building industry are either oil or water based.

Oil Paints.

Oil based paints are formulated around four main ingredients:

For decorative paints modified natural oils form the basis of the Binder which is referred to as an Alkyd Resin or Vehicle. Binders for industrial coating are based on epoxy and polyurethane resins.

The Oils used can be Linseed, Tung or Rapeseed. This modified clear material is akin to a varnish in appearance further are added to provide a hard durable finish.

Pigments/Extenders include Titanium Dioxide (White) / Chalk / China Clay. These are used to provide the opacity/ covering power required.

Thinners/Solvents such White spirit/Xylol –Xylene are added which adjusts the thickness/ viscosity of the product.

Additives include special Driers which assist in the overall drying time of the oi based paint. Anti-skinning and thickening agents 

can also be added.​

​Computer Controlled Manufacturing

 Traditional Manufacturing  

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. Flocculation (floating)

Cause

Flocculation (floating) is caused when the pigments have not been dispersed correctly during the manufacturing process. It can also occur if the product is obtained from a supplier who has used a colour tinting machine to provide the shade required. And the mixing/agitation of the paint has not been sufficient to disperse the added colourants.

Remedy

If the paint product was factory made and tinted it would not be possible to have this dispersion rectified, therefore, a new batch would be required. If the product has been mixed by an independent supplier, then it may be possible to have the paint agitated again to disperse the colourants properly.  When more than one tin of  the same colour is obtained and mixed at source, each tin supplied should be boxed together before use to ensure uniformity of colour.                                      

Flocculation is a manufacturing fault

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