Capillary Action
This occurs when two surfaces are parallel with each other, for example external wall cladding where water
runs from the top surface and can be drawn underneath, creep back and penetrate any untreated areas of timber,
causing further problems such as wood rot or blisters.
Also, when moisture is absorbed into a porous material from floor level upwards.
Often referred to as rising damp due to faulty damp proofing.
Carbonation
Degradation of concrete caused by atmospheric pollutants – CO2 (carbon dioxide) SO2 (sulphur dioxide).
Cast Iron
Cast iron is formed by smelting iron ore and mixing it with scrap metals and other alloys.
The liquid mixture is then poured into moulds and allowed to cool and solidify. The resulting material is extremely strong, although brittle.
Catalyst
Accelerator. Curing agent. An accelerator or catalyst is for speeding up the curing of a two-pack paint system.
Causes a chemical reaction with products such as epoxy or polyurethane-based paints resulting in curing and setting of the product.
Cathodic Protection
Cathodic protection is a method of isolating the metal substrate and moisture in the atmosphere to prevent corrosion. Primers that are normally used for this purpose have a high zinc content.
Caulking compound
A paste which can be of various consistencies used for filling/sealing joints between two adjoining surfaces such as walls, timber trim or floor boarding. Also used as a jointing compound for dry lining systems.
Caustic Soda
A strong solution that is used for softening old paint coatings. Often used for the renovation/stripping of timber surfaces without causing surface damage.
Cellulose
Cellulose coatings which are highly plasticised to give flexible, high gloss, quick drying finishes. Used predominantly in the car industry. Not generally used for domestic purposes.
Cement Finishes
A coating containing Portland cement as the prime pigment with additives to improve the exterior durability. Used for covering concrete, cement rendering and stucco.
Centrifuging
A method of separating solids from liquid by centrifugal force. Can be used for coating cylindrical items which are rotated at high speed. During this process surplus material is allowed to drain off leaving a finished, coated object.